Use a carton transition matrix
List the smallest, largest, most common and least stable cartons, then show how the line moves between them. For planned batches, record the number of changes and the settings that must be repeated. For mixed flow, record the actual order of sizes and the gaps between cartons. This makes the difference between a uniform and random case taper measurable instead of theoretical.
Treat the drive arrangement as a handling decision
Side, top or bottom belts do more than move the case. Their contact points influence how a light, tall, narrow, heavy or poorly supported carton travels through the tape heads. The correct arrangement is therefore confirmed with filled cartons and the intended transfers. The side-belt and bottom-belt comparison explains the questions to resolve without assuming one layout is universally better.
Separate machine movement from completed-box output
Time the complete work cycle: carton arrival, flap preparation, presentation, sealing, removal, label or scan activity, tape changes and normal interruptions. A machine may pass cartons quickly while the overall cell remains constrained by packing or outfeed. Use a sustained representative run rather than multiplying a belt speed into an hourly claim.